1. Mabda'a iyo sifooyinka farsamada kaydinta tamarta
Aaladda kaydinta tamarta oo ka kooban qaybaha kaydinta tamarta iyo qalabka gelitaanka korantada ee ka kooban aaladaha korantada ayaa noqda labada qaybood ee ugu waaweyn nidaamka kaydinta tamarta.Aaladda kaydinta tamarta waa muhiim si loo xaqiijiyo kaydinta tamarta, sii daynta ama isweydaarsiga tamarta degdega ah.Qalabka gelitaanka korantada wuxuu xaqiiqsadaa wareejinta tamarta laba-geesoodka ah iyo beddelka u dhexeeya aaladda kaydinta tamarta iyo korantada korantada, waxayna xaqiiqsadaan shaqooyinka nidaaminta korantada ugu sarreysa, tayaynta tamarta, isku hallaynta sahayda korantada iyo xasilloonida nidaamka korantada.
Nidaamka kaydinta tamarta ayaa leh awood ballaaran, laga bilaabo tobanaan kilowatts ilaa boqolaal megawatts;Mudada sii dayntu waa weyn tahay, laga bilaabo millise-ilbiriqsi ilaa saac;Kala duwanaanta codsiga ballaaran, oo dhan dhammaan tamarta korontada, gudbinta, qaybinta, nidaamka korontada;Cilmi-baadhista iyo adeegsiga tignoolajiyada kaydinta tamarta-weyn ee tamarta ayaa hadda bilaabanaysa, taas oo ah mawduuc cusub iyo sidoo kale goob cilmi baaris oo kulul gudaha iyo dibedda.
2. Hababka kaydinta tamarta caadiga ah
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, tignoolajiyada kaydinta tamarta ee muhiimka ah waxaa ka mid ah kaydinta tamarta jirka (sida kaydinta tamarta bamka, kaydinta tamarta hawada ee la cufan, kaydinta tamarta duuliyaha, iwm.), Kaydinta tamarta kiimikada (sida dhammaan noocyada baytariyada, baytariyada tamarta shidaalka la cusboonaysiin karo, socodka dareeraha baytariyada, supercapacitors, iwm) iyo kaydinta tamarta korantada (sida kaydinta tamarta korantada ee superconducting, iwm.).
1) Kaydinta tamarta jireed ee ugu qaan-gaadhka ah uguna isticmaalka badan waa kaydinta bamka, taas oo muhiim u ah nidaaminta ugu sarreysa, buuxinta hadhuudhka, habaynta inta jeer, nidaaminta marxaladda iyo kaydka degdegga ah ee nidaamka korantada.Waqtiga la sii daayo ee kaydinta bamka waxay noqon kartaa dhowr saacadood ilaa dhowr maalmood, iyo waxtarkeeda beddelka tamarta waa inta u dhaxaysa 70% ilaa 85%.Muddada dhismaha saldhigga tamarta bamka lagu kaydiyo waa mid dheer oo xaddidan dhul ahaan.Marka xarunta korontada ay ka fogaato aagga isticmaalka korontada, khasaaraha gudbinta ayaa weyn.Kaydinta tamarta hawada ee cadaadisku saaran tahay ayaa la dabaqay horraantii 1978-kii, laakiin si weyn looma dhiirrigelin sababtoo ah xaddidaadda dhulka iyo xaaladaha juqraafiyeed.Kaydinta tamarta Flywheel waxay isticmaashaa mishiinka si ay ugu kaxayso duuliyaha si uu ugu wareego xawaare sare, kaas oo tamarta korontada u beddela tamar farsamaysan oo kaydisa.Marka loo baahdo, duuliyaha duuliyaha ayaa kaxeynaya koronto dhaliyaha.Kaydinta tamarta Flywheel waxaa lagu gartaa nolol dheer, wasakh la'aan, dayactir yar, laakiin cufnaanta tamarta hoose, taas oo loo isticmaali karo kabitaan nidaamka batteriga.
2) Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo kaydinta tamarta kiimikada ah, oo leh heerar kala duwan oo horumarinta tignoolajiyada iyo rajooyinka codsiga:
(1) Kaydinta tamarta baytarigu waa tignoolajiyada kaydinta tamarta ee ugu qaan-gaadhka ah uguna kalsoonida badan.Sida laga soo xigtay walxaha kiimikaad ee kala duwan ee loo isticmaalo, waxa loo qaybin karaa baytari-asiidh-ashitada, batari nikkel-cadmium, batari nikkel-metal hydride batari, lithium-ion batari, sodium sulfur baytari, iwm baytari-asiidhka-lead waxay leedahay tignoolajiyada qaangaadhka ah, kara in laga dhigo nidaamka kaydinta tirada badan, iyo qiimaha tamarta cutubka iyo kharashka nidaamka waa hooseeyaa, ammaan ah oo la isku halleyn karo iyo dib u isticmaalku waa sugitaan wanaagsan oo sifo ah, hadda waa nidaamka kaydinta tamarta ugu waxtarka badan, wuxuu ku jiray koronto yar oo dabaysha ah, hababka korantada sawir-qaadista , iyo sidoo kale kuwa yaryar iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah ee nidaamka jiilka la qaybiyey ayaa si weyn loo isticmaalaa, laakiin sababtoo ah rasaastu waa wasakhowga birta culus, baytariyada-ashitada rasaastu maaha mustaqbalka.Baytariyada horumarsan sida lithium-ion, sodium-sulfur iyo baytariyada nikkel-metal hydride waxay leeyihiin kharash aad u sarreeya, iyo tignoolajiyada kaydinta tamarta ee awoodda weyni ma qaangaadhin.Waxqabadka alaabadu ma buuxin karto shuruudaha kaydinta tamarta hadda, dhaqaalahana lama iibin karo.
(2) Batteriga awoodda shidaalka ee la cusboonaysiin karo ee baaxadda weyn wuxuu leeyahay maalgashi sare, qiimo sare iyo hufnaanta beddelka wareegga hooseeya, sidaas darteed kuma habboona in loo isticmaalo nidaamka kaydinta tamarta ganacsiga hadda.
(3) Bateriga kaydinta socodka dareeraha ah wuxuu leeyahay faa'iidooyinka waxtarka beddelka tamarta sare, hawlgalka hooseeya iyo kharashyada dayactirka, waana mid ka mid ah teknoolojiyadda kaydinta tamarta iyo nidaaminta wax-ku-oolnimada iyo baaxadda ballaaran ee korontadu ku xiran tahay.Tiknoolajiyada kaydinta tamarta qulqulka dareeraha ah ayaa lagu dabaqay wadamada muujinaya sida USA, Germany, Japan iyo UK, laakiin wali waxay ku jirtaa heerka cilmi baarista iyo horumarka Shiinaha.
Waqtiga boostada: Agoosto-17-2022
